Thursday, August 27, 2020

The Stranger Cultural Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Stranger Cultural Analysis Essay This Novel, by Albert Camus, follows a year in the life of a youthful representative, Meursault, during the 1940s who works for a delivery organization in Algiers. The primary thing that happens to Meursault is that he gets a wire that his mom has left. He takes a transport to see her and they hold the vigil. He shows no outflow of regret or trouble. Once back in Algiers Meursault goes to the open sea shore for a dip. There, he runs into Marie Cardona, his previous collaborator. They choose to go out on the town and they see a parody film, which is unexpected after his mother’s demise, and they rest together during the night. The following day he spends simply watching individuals in the road. That following day Meursault comes back to work and works the entire day and keeping in mind that at his condo Meursault runs into Salamano, an elderly person who lives in his structure and possesses a dirty canine. He likewise runs into his neighbor Raymond, who is suspected to be a pimp. Raymond welcomes Meursault to supper and asks Meursault to compose a dreadful letter to this young lady who undermined Raymond, and Meursault goes along. The following Saturday Marie comes over and inquires as to whether Meursault cherishes her, he doesn’t love her and doesn’t show it, and around evening time Meursault runs into Salamano who is crying over his pooch who fled. The next Sunday Meursault, Marie, and Raymond go to a sea shore house possessed by Masson, one of Raymonds companions. They run into the girl’s, of whom they composed the letter to, siblings and a blade is pulled on Raymond and cuts him. The two of them go various ways and later Meursault shoots one of the girl’s siblings. Meursault is then sent to prison and put being investigated. He shows no regret and over the long run he experiences more preliminaries subsequent to being in jail for longer than a year and he is condemned to death by the guillotine. The setting. . has done, and to liberate him from his entrapment. Works CitedBufacchi, Vittorio, and Laura Fairrie. Execution as Torture. Harmony Review 13. 4 (2001): 511-517. Scholastic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. Camus, Albert, and Matthew Ward. The Stranger. New York: Knopf, 1993. Print. 24 Apr. 2011. de Cavarlay, Bruno Aubusson. Will criminal measurements despite everything be of logical use? The French criminal equity framework 1813-1980. Verifiable Methods 26.2 (1993): 69. Scholarly Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. Scherr, Arthur. Camuss THE STRANGER. Explicator 59. 3 (2001): 149. Scholastic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. Scott, Nathan A. Albert Camus. New York: Hillary House, 1962. Scholastic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 24 Apr. 2011. Unusual, Alice J. Camus The Stranger. Explicator 56.1 (1997): 36. Scholastic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 24 Apr. 2011.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Contributions of Modern Society Free Essays

The spot of love in the medieval times was where anybody, paying little heed to the class, could have a place. The wellspring of solidarity, it achieved effects on craftsmanship and design. As time transformed from the antique arrangement of the Romanesque time frame, new gauges of understanding freedom started to grab hold; the introduction of Gothic. We will compose a custom article test on Commitments of Modern Society or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Here, the Church turned into a spot where individuals turned out to be increasingly worthy; turning into the sufficient spot to watched such new goals. The interesting Gothic engineering portrayed most in the extraordinary houses of God of the twelfth through fourteenth Centuries in St. Denis, Notre Dame, Chartres, Salisbury, Durham, Amiens, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Most Gothic structures stress the vertical, drawing one’s eyes upward toward the sky with the marvelousness of God. These houses of God worked with climbing tops, pointed curves and fortifying giving impacts of participation and brilliance. One of the primary accomplishments of the twelfth and thirteenth hundreds of years was to decide the building ability of the furrowed vault, guided curve and help toward give a celebrated house of prayer that is on the double advanced than the ones preceding. Despite the fact that, the sharp curve could demonstrate more impressive than its previous, there was as yet an issue of figuring out how to improve the huge stone work roof vaults over huge ranges. So as to keep up the outward push of barrel vaults, vertical establishment dividers must be surprisingly clear and incredible. What makes conceivable the all-encompassing utilization of furrowed vaulting and directed curves toward open and renew the dividers and degree of the house of God connect over the passageway rooftop that reaches out from the upper nave divider, where the primary push of the focal arch is the best. The outcome is to add basic quality and robustness to the structure. In today’s society, we can utilize the absolute most notable impacts and qualities without acknowledging where it originated from or where it started. I imagine that the impacts from engineering, craftsmanship, and even religion. The impacts of the middle age building structures can be set up on how it formed our present reality. The impacts of the dominance of the models have helped a significant number of the structures that we have today, everything from the past assistance contribute our lives in present day society. As I glance around at a few structures I realize that I don’t see the beasts yet taking a gander at a portion of the Catholic houses of worship and a portion of different structures that are very much organized. Muhammad, thought about the predominant prophet and originator of Islam, conceived in 570 A. D. compelled to find a new line of work to deal with himself at an early age. He was a driver and hitched his manager at 25 years old, to Khadija, by which he had just four little girls. The correct word Islam implies â€Å"submission†. The importance behind the word accommodation is to the desire of Allah, the unparalleled genuine God as indicated by the Muslim confidence. To be viewed as a Muslim one would need to submit themselves. The fundamental subject of Islam is incredibly simple and clear: There couldn't be some other God however Allah, and Muhammad is the main Prophet of Allah. As per the Koran Islam instructs that there is one God Allah, the maker of the universe. Muhammad would be the person who showed his new devotees that this God, Allah, is merciful and just. He instructed them that on the grounds that being the representative for Allah, he would be considered responsible. Allah calls all individuals to have confidence in Him and love Him. On the Last Day, all the dead would revive and either be reward go to heaven or be rebuffed and take a hike. In today’s society Islam is one of the most very much rehearsed religions other than Christianity in the United States. The Islam confidence has become throughout the years with a large number of individuals around the whole word. The Koran uncovers how a Muslim is assume to live their lives. The religion formed our general public on the grounds that huge numbers of the residents here in the United States regard the confidence of Islam and even have a few Mosques work in numerous states. Despite the fact that, Islam has been one of the most dreaded and maybe misjudged religions, there are numerous who have gotten familiar with this religion. Islam observes Ramadan every year where Muslims give recognition to their confidence. Buddhism is a conviction that has increased 300 million individuals around the globe. The word originates from ‘budhi’, to stir. Its beginnings around 2,500 years prior when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself stirred (illuminated) at 35 years old. Buddhism goes past religion and is to a greater extent a way of thinking or ‘way of life’. It is a way of thinking since reasoning ‘means love of wisdom’ and the Buddhist way can be summarized as: to have an ethical existence, to be careful and mindful of contemplations and activities, and to create intelligence and comprehension. Siddhartha Gotama was naturally introduced to an imperial family in Lumbini, presently situated in Nepal, in 563 BC. At 29, he understood that riches and extravagance didn't ensure satisfaction, so he investigated the various lessons religions and ways of thinking of the day, to locate the way to human joy. Following six years of study and contemplation he at long last discovered ‘the center path’ and was illuminated. After illumination, the Buddha spent an incredible remainder training the standards of Buddhism called the Dhamma, or Truth. Today Buddhism, help structure numerous lives by the controls, the Four Nobles Truth, and Karma, Recycle of Life. Buddhism discloses a reason to life, it clarifies obvious bad form and disparity around the globe and it gives a code of training or lifestyle that prompts genuine joy. Life is enduring which incorporates torment, getting old, illness, and at last demise. We additionally persevere through mental enduring like dejection dissatisfaction, dread, humiliation, frustration and outrage. This is a certain reality that can't be denied. It is practical as opposed to cynical on the grounds that negativity is anticipating that things should be terrible. Rather, Buddhism clarifies how enduring can be maintained a strategic distance from and how we can be really upbeat. Step by step instructions to refer to Contributions of Modern Society, Papers

Friday, August 21, 2020

Juvenile Delinquency Essay Topics

Juvenile Delinquency Essay TopicsThe first question most people ask when they plan to write a juvenile delinquency essay is what kind of topics they should write about. Actually, the answer depends on the audience and the topic. For instance, if the essay is for a teacher it is best to use topics that pertain to his area of expertise. If the essay is for an adult on the other hand, the topic should be relevant to the topic that he or she is addressing.It is important to understand that topics that pertain to something or someone can be generic or general in nature. An example of this would be the topic about elementary school students. In this topic, a person could talk about anything from the different hobbies or activities kids in school like to do to the type of school they attend. In this way, there is no particular problem with applying common themes and words. However, these topics are not well suited for writing the essay about juveniles in juvenile delinquency programs.Specif ic topics are better suited for this type of essay. A person may want to cover subjects such as the positive aspects of being a juvenile delinquent, the advantages of working in the criminal justice field, or the advantages of joining a juvenile delinquency program. Each topic should be developed so that it relates to the type of juvenile delinquency program the writer is writing about.One good idea is to write one essay as a response to another. Many people have written response essays and then used them as topics for subsequent articles.Students that were in a juvenile delinquency program may want to write about their experiences. This is because the opinions of others in this situation can help an individual develop new ideas and methods. If the writers feel that their writing will be used in an article, they may want to include a section about the part of their story where they acquired the information about the crime and the crimes committed by juveniles in their area.For peopl e that had a close friend that was in a juvenile delinquency program, they may want to cover topics that pertain to him or her specifically. They may be feeling that they want to share with others the things that they experienced so that others will be able to benefit from them. Since the topic will relate to a specific person, it is always better to write about the specific person rather than write about anyone else.Some people have personal issues that relate to juveniles in juvenile delinquency programs. These individuals may want to write about how they were dealt with in the juvenile delinquency program or how their lives have been changed since entering the program. However, since they are writing on a personal level, they will need to keep this in mind when they choose their topics.Juvenile delinquency programs can cause a variety of problems for a person's life. The best way to deal with these problems is through the use of creative writing, writing an essay about it, and th en using the essay as a stepping stone to write more about the juvenile delinquency program.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Electoral College Criticisms, Effects, And Context

Electoral College: Criticisms, Effects, and Context The Electoral College has been losing favor for years, but recent elections have created all-new debates about its use and value. The institution has existed almost since American elections have existed, and it is deeply intertwined with the issue of political parties. American voting is highly bureaucratized. The Electoral College betrays American values of majority rule: a candidate can win the election without a majority of popular votes; some states are overrepresented; and a large number of citizens get left out, thus, the Electoral College should be abolished or reformed. In the 1796 and 1800 elections, problems occurred that inspired the separation of votes for the president and the vice president. However, this event also brought forth the idea that a presidential candidate and vice presidential candidate should run together on a â€Å"ticket† to represent a national party (Korzi 7). This is relevant to the Electoral College because the Electoral College, at least the modern one, runs based on political parties. The deeply flawed Electoral College came about as a response to something else, and so Americans need to have a solid plan in place before they just do away with the voting system they have had for a significant amount of time. While it may seem as if no efforts have been made to reform or abolish the Electoral College, the fact is that several proposed constitutional amendments have been attempts to doShow MoreRelatedPolitical Turncoatism9214 Words   |  37 Pagesdifferent flaws in the Philippine Party System. Each party did not vote as a party but individually. In times of elections, one party will attack the other by attacking the personality of a member of the opponents and not that of the programs or criticism of the platforms set forth. During these times, propaganda against a politician is always a common scenario. The Philippine Political system seems to be a game of personalities. What does this mirror in the political and socio-cultural facet ofRead MoreA Linguistic Analysis of Obama’s Inaugural Address9492 Words   |  38 Pagesthe idea that the composition of the speech has an aim to create a unity of the speaker and the audience in order to deliver the message. Moreover, the speaker maintains the atmosphere of unity throughout the speech, so that the speech produces an effect when the audience becomes a co-author of it. My thesis will also discuss some aspects of persuasive strategies employed in the speech from those dating back as long as Ancient Greece to temporal discourses. The aim is to analyze how the use of a numberRead MoreMaratabat Among Muslims3631 Words   |  15 PagesMaratabat among Maranaos A Proposal Presented to PROF. TALIB BENITO Faculty of the IS Department College of KFCIAAS Mindanao State University Marawi City In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the course Shariah 198 (Methods of Research) 2nd Semester, 2012-2013 By: AZIZAH B. CUARO MAY 2012 Introduction The Maranaos are traditional people whose rich cultural practices continue to perplex even social scientists. Their resistance to change is seen not onlyRead MoreCOM3702 Portfolio10930 Words   |  44 Pagesadministrative procedures and technical specifications. Regulation can be internal as well as external. In the former case, we are usually speaking of `self-regulation, where internal controls are applied, sometimes in response to public pressure or criticism from outside. 2. MEDIA POLICY AND REGULATION 2.1 History of communication policy 2.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy. 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Early in the history of communications research, an approach was developed to study the gratifications that attract and hold audiences to the kinds of media and the types of content that satisfy their social and psychological needs (Cantril, 1942). Much early effects research adopted the experimental or quasi-experimental approach, in which communication conditionsRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pagesover twenty years. The coverage of theories and research in each subsequent edition has been unrivalled for accuracy and detail. These lesson plans aim to provide guidance on using the sixth edition of Sociology Themes and Perspectives in a teaching context by offering practical classroom support for teachers. Three lesson plans are provided for each chapter. One of these is a glossary exercise that will help students come to terms with the conceptual base of the subject and allow them to build a runningRead MoreMian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif9919 Words   |  40 PagesPakistan Railway High School, Moghalpura, and Lahore. Both passed Matric from this school in 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nawaz Sharif got admission in the Government College of Lahore. He obtained his B.A. degree after appearing in the supplementary examination. He attained his Bachelor of Law degre e from the Punjab University Law College, which is also in Lahore. Business enterprise: Ittefaq Group He is a joint owner of Ittefaq Group. Ittefaq Group is one of the largest business conglomerates in PakistanRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesnon-Rastafarians tend to be puzzled by the movement. And yet there is little question that it has come to deï ¬ ne Jamaican culture in ways that few people can understand. The value of examining the history of Rastafarianism and placing it in the larger context of social, political, and religious resistance to colonial hegemony cannot be underestimated. What we discover in this book is that there is nothing absurd or farfetched or insane about Rastafarianism. Its formation is part of the genius of anRead MoreTheoretical Framework on- Non Governmental Organisations and International Non Governmental Organisations (Support Base, Funding Pattern and Relation with State)9266 Words   |  38 Pagesbureaucratic elite.(Orbis, 2007, p-219) NGOs are by definition undemocratic and unrepresentative organizations, since they are neither elected nor paid by the populations of the countries where they operate. They therefore are insulated from both electoral and marketplace mechanisms of control. Nomenclature One point of discussion here is about the word N.G.O. The ‘N.G.O’, was a term coined by the U.N.O mainly to indicate the difference between the sovereign nation-states which are its direct members

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Gender Roles And Femininity Susan Glaspell s One Act Play

Gender Roles and Femininity In Susan Glaspell’s one-act play Trifles, the women become more privy of the circumstances surrounding John Wright’s murder than their husbands who are actually conducting the investigation. In the male-centric setting of the American Midwest in the 1920’s, the play addresses gender roles by placing the emphasis on the female characters in the play. While the men are hard at work, it is the women who emerge as the protagonists. In this essay, I wish to explore the gender roles developed by Glaspell in the house of John Wright, particularly their role in the home, finding their identities, and the stereotypes portrayed in literature. The gender role motif is important to explore because it is replicated in many texts including the literature of today. First, Glaspell’s play addresses the role of women by establishing the setting in the kitchen of the household. The men in the play make it very clear that the kitchen is the woman’s responsibility by criticizing Minnie’s cleaning abilities. Because the kitchen is ideally the room set aside for women, the men spend very little time in this room and fail to thoroughly explore its contents, almost out of discomfort. The county attorney asks, â€Å"You’re convinced that there was nothing important here—nothing that would point to any motive,† and the sheriff replies, â€Å"Nothing here but kitchen things† (8). This provides the women with the opportunity to navigate through Minnie’s belongings, and thus,Show MoreRelatedTrifles, By Susan Glaspell Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesOne striking characteristic of the 20th century was the women s movement, which brought women to the forefront in a variety of societal arenas. As women won the right to vote, achieved reproductive freedom through birth control and legalized abortion, and gained access to education and employment, Western culture began to examine its long-held views about women in a world controlled by male dominance while developing their individual personalities. However, before the women’s movement of the 20th

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Effects Of Abortion On Women s Body - 922 Words

Abortion is a personal decision that has been increasing over the years. Many women in the world are procuring this method, most likely if they have experienced rape, unsafe sex or lack knowledge about the consequences of unprotected intimacy. However, there are many side effects a woman receives after having an abortion that could either be temporary or permanent. For instance, many scholars and statistics agree with my statement on how abortion negatively affects a women’s body in many ways and states the consequences this act leads to. In addition, there are a variety of dangerous physical and emotional side effects that a woman receives after having an abortion. Common risks a woman can experience are cervical cancer, infertility and emotional effects like regret or depression. For that reason, women should be more educated about the effects to prevent them form painful experiences and consider adoption or abstinence to avoid the possible side effects abortion can cause. M any scholars and statistics support my statement on how abortion negatively affects the women’s body in many ways and states the consequences this act leads to. Rose Marchick contributes by explaining how abortion affects the women’s body and that with no doubt these side effects of abortion can be harmful to the women. According to the Guttmacher institute, â€Å" Numerous side effects can occur after an abortion though most prove mild, and less than 0.3 percent of abortion patients requireShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Abortion On Women s Body1090 Words   |  5 Pagesalso morally wrong. Abortions also can be very damaging to the human body. Thirteen out of 17 studies in the U.S. reported more breast cancer among women who chose abortion. A 1996 meta-analysis of all published reports on the incidence of induced abortion and breast cancer appearing in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found, on average, a 30% increased risk. Abortion can destroy lives of many helpless innocent children and even in some states is legal. The women of today age in timeRead MoreShould Females Be The Abortion?1418 Words   |  6 Pageshave an Abortion? Millions are not alive today, because they were never given the chance to be born. Did you know four out of ten pregnancies end in abortion? In the United States, abortion one of the most controversial and most debated topics. According to the Guttmacher Institute, 22 percent of all pregnancies, excluding miscarriages, end in abortion. Abortion is when a woman chooses or is forced to terminate the fetus inside her body. Do you think that a fetus has the right to be in the body of aRead MoreThe Importance Of Abortion1675 Words   |  7 Pagesrisks, emotional effects or even the cost of abortions†¦ do you? Abortion applies to many men and women in the world with records going back to the 1800s. Abortion is done surgically or by an abortion pill which removes the fetus from the uterus before it is born. It can happen at any time during the first trimester of pregnancy, meaning week one through week twelve, or about three months; abortions can also occur during the second trimester , beginning at week thirteen. Abortions may not occur duringRead MoreIs Abortion A Violation Of An Unborn Child s Right? Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesand forming conclusions Abortion has essentially been around since women have, yet this old issue, is still around and being heavily debated. But will allowing women to have an abortion be a violation of an unborn child s life, or is not allowing abortion violating a woman s right to choice, freedom, and control over her body? This is an important issue, as it will affect any foetus at random, and many women. What are the disadvantages of allowing abortion? Some women who are pregnant are notRead MoreAbortion : Choice And Consequences1537 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion: Choice and Consequences The American novelist Ann B. Ross once said, â€Å"I certainly supported a woman s right to choose, but to my mind the time to choose was before, not after the fact.† Abortion by definition is the expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is able to survive independently, which is the reason for abortion to be considered an extremely controversial issue, because in this process the life of a human being is terminated. In actuality, the range of women convinced toRead MoreAbortion Is Beyond Necessary For Mothers1229 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to multiple sources, having the highest level of knowledge, and knowing the physical and mental side effects of abortion is beyond necessary for mothers. Many women suffer from mental instabilities long after their decision to abort. In the article â€Å"The Mental Effects of Abortion,† it states from the narrator when speaking about her friend that â€Å"She told me that not one day had passed that she did not think about her baby and regret her decision. My heart ached for my friend, as she wasRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State1592 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual s religious beliefs, yet when the issue is Abortion, that stance is flipped. The debate over abortion rages on despite the supreme court giving women the right to abortion in 1973 with the ruling of Roe v Wade. Looking at both sides objectively, the pro-choice arguments lineup with facts, while the pro-life arguments are either supported by facts yet purposefully misinterpreted, or simply not factual at all. State governments pass laws that regulate abortions and abortion centers allRead MorePicture Of The Holocaust Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages​medical research.​ ​Do​ ​all​ ​of​ ​these ​​points​ ​achieve​ ​reasoning​ ​for​ ​Hitler’s​ ​actions?​ ​Absolutely†‹ ​not.​ ​Neither​ ​do they​ ​justify​ ​the​ ​wrongdoing​ ​taking​ ​place​ ​during​ ​an​ ​abortion. Undoubtedly, Abortion is a modern day atrocity which brutally dismembers the defenseless bodies of over 50 million unborn children each and every year. At the moment of conception, each human being is given its own set of forty-six chromosomes and its own unique DNA. At just five weeks of developmentRead MoreAbortion Is Unsafe And Should Be Illegal1487 Words   |  6 Pagesyour body and you are now struggling to survive and then in one quick snap, it s all over. Your life is done. Your only thought was  ¨mommy, how could you do this to me ¨. Abortion is a horrific experience, that no one should ever endure. I am Pro-Life because of the consequences for mothers, the availability of adoption instead of abortion, and finally the Pro-Life movements in America. First I d like to talk about the consequences for mothers. This is a big reason why I think abortion is unsafeRead MoreMy Lady Parts My Jurisdiction1220 Words   |  5 Pageswoke up and thought, all my friends have had an abortion, I need to get pregnant so I can have one, too. If a woman has an unwanted pregnancy, something has failed her, badly. It might be rape [or incest], it might be a broken condom, it might be bad information on what prevents pregnancy. Or maybe the story about how she had too much to drink and instead of waking up to a hangover, like ever male in history, she woke up pregnant, said American women, Lauren Telesca. Pro-life or pro-choice? On one

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Chapter Guide for Twilight of Atheism free essay sample

The classical version of atheism is vastly different than the atheism that is known today. Some consider â€Å"modern atheism† as one of the greatest achievements of human intellect. Immortalization in Greek myths meant â€Å"infinite extension of existence, not the infinite projection of moral qualities† Classical Greek atheism denied â€Å"traditional religion of the Athenian establishment† Protestant reformers wrote against church’s corruption and straying from â€Å"authentic models of the New Testament† Protestantism eventually gained popularity in Western Europe in 1600s -â€Å"Historical origins of modern atheism lie primarily in an extended criticism of the power and status of the church The 18th century was regarded the â€Å"most creative period of atheist experimentation and reflection† Historians date the birth of ‘avowed’ or intentional atheism in Britain to around the year 1782 Credit for the serious advancement of atheism on he eve of the Victorian era is most due to William Godwin. He believed that social vision rested on the assumption of the perfectibility of humanity through reason. Mary Robinson wrote that, â€Å"nature was emancipated from being God’s creation, and became a divinity in its own right. Percy Shelley argued that since compelling evidence for the existence of God is lacking, here is no intellectual obligation to believe in God. However, Shelley never explicitly denies the existence of a God in general. Shelley seems to argue against institutional religion. Mary Ann Evans aka George Eliot, grew up an evangelical, but turned into an atheist because she was of the increasingly dogmatic and impersonal constructs of the Christian faith. Evans/Eliot turned to a religion of human sympathy, she believed that the moral aspects of faith could be maintained without Christianity. A. C. Swinburne was more avant-garde and aggressive in his approach to spreading atheism. He visualized god as a birch-wielding tyrant that oppresses humanity. Swineburne believed that only the rejection of God would open the way to human self-fulfillment. By the middle of the Nineteenth Century Jesus was seen as a moral sage, or as a role model. George Tyrrell was appalled that Jesus was seen as less captivating, but conceded that the Christ was a â€Å"pale reflection† of his biblical self. Chapter 6 Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist that wrote on a fictional Russia that turned to atheism to solve its problems. While he showed attractive of that choice, he also presented some of its more troubling features. His criticisms were directed more toward the world God supposedly created, more than critiquing God himself. Nietzsche emphasized that the belief in the Christian God became unbelievable. Nietzsche admits that the realization that â€Å"God is dead† will travel slowly because it is just too â€Å"unthinkable†. For nihilism, a religious worldview is oppressive because it insists that we will be held accountable for our actions. In a nihilistic view, there are no sins, because nothing matters in the end. Albert Camus argued that human life is rendered meaningless by death, which prevents the individual from making sense of existence. For Camus death is not to be seen as a realize but as a denial of all of our accomplishments. However Atheism did not materialize as well in the United States. Many thinkers believed that if God was not in heaven, he could be found somewhere else. Chapter 7 â€Å"new atheism† embraces those who question God; people who consider themselves Agnostic. McGrath writes that atheism is not about the suspension of judging whether God exists, he states that true atheism is a firm disbelieve in God. He writes that true atheists view religion as outdated, enslaving, and a self-contradiction. McGrath criticizes the idea that if there was a God, why does he allow suffering, by showing the fact that many of the atrocities committed to humans are caused by other humans the ones that are supposed to be the â€Å"new gods† In the 19th century people were invited to in-vision a world without God, but in the 20th it had already been attempted through the Soviet Union. But by 1980 it was obvious that this had not happened, in seemed to have reversed. John Henry Newman wrote that Christianity was a, â€Å"living organism still in the process of evolving and developing†. Pentecostalism seemed to become very popular in the years after the second World War. Pentecostalism stresses a direct, immediate experience with God, apposed to the more dry forms of worship in Christianity. It also uses a language that allows it to bridge cultural gaps easily. Chapter 8 McGrath believes that Protestantism helped Atheism develop in some way. -Durning the Reformation the distinction between nature and God were widened a bit. The idea that the natural world was not sacred spread amongst popular thinkers. -They believed that even if God did create the world, we could not conceive God through it. They believed that God had to be known indirectly. Protestant reformers suspected that that medieval Catholicism occasionally degenerated into a folk religion of nature. -They believed that God revealed himself through the bible and preaching. He states that Protestantism encouraged the notion that God was absent from human culture and experience. This idea seems to mirror some of the ideas the budding ideas of Atheism. McGrath argues that protestantism took away some of the creativity of religion, which in turn made atheism seem more appealing. Atheism had a view of universality and a notion that it was above the common person. Atheism has always been on the sidelines of American life and perhaps will remain there. Signs of loss of confidence in atheism. â€Å"Sun seems to be setting on an†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœempire of the mind’† Chapter 11 -Future of atheism lies in private belief, not in the public domain it once had. Proved situation specific, not universal, and oppressing and not liberating. -Radical religious change led to tinkering with vocabulary instead of eliminating vices. Atheism confirms this theory. Nietzsche wrote, â€Å"God is dead, as a meaningful reality, but the people had to believe in something else if that was the case†. -Sigmund Freud stated that, â€Å"religion encouraged unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life†. -Growing awareness for spirituality instead. -Religion brings together groups of people such as immigrants, creating communities. -In the US, atheism spawns orga nizations, not communities. -Atheism has not learned from their leader’s mistakes, and needs to grow leaders to fix it Greatest virtue: moral seriousness. But atheism is in a twilight zone at the moment.